Hyperscaling, Innumeracy, And Econ 101

The timeline of American economic development is punctuated by episodes of intense capital spending to build out a new and revolutionary concept that transforms the entire country.  The investment plans of hyperscalers Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon, and Meta have captured the public’s attention this year as the release of ChatGPT in November 2022 ignited a quantum shift in capex spending, with the third quarter of 2025 coming in at a run rate of $97 billion, or nearly $400 billion annualized.  The astronomical amounts being spent to build AI capacity are almost hard to fathom, and today, we take a closer look at the data center phenomenon.