Research.LeutholdGroup

The U.S. dollar has seen some interesting dynamics this year, so we’ve updated our U.S. Dollar Monitor. Currently, the model implies a higher likelihood of dollar strength, or at least a decent rebound over the next few months.

The Cyclical/Defensive Relative Valuation Ratio jumped to yet another record in July, with Cyclicals commanding a valuation premium of 23%. Put differently, investors have a very strong implicit bet that the economic expansion will continue.

Given the prevailing conditions at the beginning of this bull market, the S&P 500 has been an overachiever, though the same can’t be said of the broader market. This translates to an opportunity for active equity managers that nearly matches conditions in Y2K—and at a time when the active manager pool is now dwindling.

As a testament to the severity of the 2000-2002 Tech Wreck, performance of recent years’ laggards, like the Equal-Weighted S&P 500, S&P MidCap 400, and S&P SmallCap 600 are still well ahead of large-cap Growth on a 25-year basis.

Our hypothesis is that true active managers are more diversified than their style box indices and when one style has a prodigious quarter, active portfolios of that variety will surely lag. Q2’s low success rate for actively-managed growth portfolios is exactly what we expect in such a stylistically lopsided period.

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The S&P 500’s Q2 estimated bottom-up operating EPS shot 2% higher after the first month of reporting. This recovery effectively negates some of the earnings markdown associated with trade uncertainty in the months leading up to this reporting season. The EPS snail trails for the coming three quarters also leveled out or have even turned higher.

And just like that, we’re thrust back into the good ‘ole days where Roaring Kitty was a household name and SwaggyStocks.com was one of our bookmarks in Internet Explorer (RIP). Highly-shorted stocks are back in vogue among the retail crowd. Those virtuous crusaders—or perhaps compulsive gamblers—brave or stupid enough to crowd into names with almost 50% of shares sold short have returned for another round of “sticking it” to the short-sellers*.

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The relative valuation across major themes can be highly informative of investor sentiment and economic expectations. July’s Green Book observation of the unusually high valuations of cyclicals vs. defensives is suggestive, indicating a positive outlook on the business cycle and hinting at a risk-on mentality. Periods when the reverse is true would reflect concerns of an economic slowdown and a desire to play it safe when it comes to equity risk exposure.  Whether one is a portfolio manager looking to play the momentum in cyclicals or a relative value opportunity in defensives, it is worthwhile to keep an eye on this telling relationship.

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• The latest CPI numbers came in slightly below consensus again.
• Our Inflation Scorecard saw a few signal changes but maintained a modest disinflationary reading.
• The demand-pull side has started to show more inflationary pressure.

Read this week's MTI.

“Sell In May” has been better advice historically than random chance suggests. Still, that seasonal pattern has so far been “Trumped” this year, with SPX +12% since late-Apr. Technicians tend to view new market highs as bullish, but that’s not always the case. The NYSE Daily A/D Line provides a clue as to whether the mid-year strength is apt to persist.

Housing activity remains at very depressed levels, with 30-year mortgage rates near 7% keeping those with low-rate mortgages frozen in place, and those wishing to get into a home are frozen out. Qualifying income to buy a median-priced home is almost $105,000—up 122% from Feb-2020.

On the whole, the probability of an imminent recession has declined since our last update in April and now stands below 50%. Only two signals changed in this update, the most significant being the S&P 500, which improved from yellow to green.

Economic resilience that prompted the Fed’s pause is consistent with past cases. Equities and bonds have largely followed historical patterns. The exceptions—gold’s outsized return and the dollar’s weakness—highlight the unique risks introduced by the current political environment.

The risk-on rally since April produced a complete flip in factor performance vs. Q1. The year began with Low Volatility and Dividend factors leading the pack, posting positive returns even as the S&P 500 lost 4%. Q2 performance has High Beta, Momentum, and Growth far outpacing SPX’s nearly 11% gain.

Those who follow an investment approach embracing thematic groups, sectors, or industries will enjoy superior results if they construct a universe using narrower baskets. Our GSS process assigns stocks into well over 100 themes, offering the advantages of wider opportunity sets and greater diversification.

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Price momentum is one of the essential factors in a quantitative investor’s toolbox, consistently demonstrating its effectiveness across different asset classes and multiple market cycles.  The dimension of periodicity indicates that time frame is a key determinant of Mo’s potential. Shorter time frames exhibit a reversal pattern, however 9- and 12-month windows show nicely positive results.  Furthermore, Momentum's success at the stock level translates into excellent returns when companies are grouped into sectors and industries. Our research indicates that Mo is at its best when industries are more narrowly defined rather than being applied at the sector level.

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Read the latest MTI commentary.

The latest CPI report came in softer than consensus. The impact of tariffs is not there yet. Our Inflation Scorecard maintained a modest disinflationary reading (43) this month.

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We’re intrigued that Industrials was the first broad sector to eclipse its pre-correction high, and is still the only one to accomplished that. A market technician might argue that the divergent strength in such an economically sensitive segment is a bullish portent for the economy and stock market—but history doesn’t support that view.

Since the low in Oct. 2022, SPX is up 66%—typical for a bull market of this age; however, the broad-market stampede distinguishing a youthful bull never happened. Yet, those four years of futility were not in vain—the valuation profile for the average stock has improved markedly.

There have been wild gyrations in the S&P 500 Cyclical/Defensive Ratio over the last year against a backdrop of historically high Cyclical valuation premiums. In other words, there’s no recession bet priced into the equity segments that should most reflect it.

Net income soared almost 24%, with each step in our earnings growth waterfall registering in the green. Pretax margin expansion contributed 9.2%; however, this last step of the waterfall is always influenced by unusual items—and Q1 saw an abnormally positive impact from lower write-offs.

Developed due to the growing interest in private debt and equity, these vehicles offer a degree of liquidity and transparency within a regulated, standardized fund format. While fees and expenses are lofty versus OEFs and ETFs, interval funds’ relatively high current income may be very appealing to some.

Growth quickly U-turned and led the market higher over the last two months, while low volatility stocks have been discarded. Momentum has weathered the volatility well so far—especially within small caps.

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The S&P 500’s estimated bottom-up operating EPS for Q1 lost altitude during the second month of reporting. (Chart 1). That resumes the rounded downslope of estimated EPS erosion for the quarter that seems foreign (though normal) after the resiliency of the 2024 data. The next three quarters of 2025—periods that will be affected by the trade war—continued their post tariff decline. The waning projections still have the index inline for 10% YOY EPS growth. At this point in the game, 5% growth is probably a stretch.

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As tactical investors and market historians, we are intrigued by the long cycles of market leadership, always curious to understand what drives these seismic shifts.  One idea that continually pops up in our studies is the notion that bear markets frequently tend to produce changes in asset class superiority.  This study examines the relative performance of three pairs of major asset classes: small vs. large, value vs. growth, and international vs. domestic.  The historical record seems to corroborate our intuitive thesis that bear markets and asset class leadership rotations are connected, either due to changes in fundamentals or market psychology.

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April’s cooler than expected CPI figures continued the recent trend of soft readings—welcome news to the Fed. Tariff related price spikes were not pervasive in the first few weeks of the shifting trade policy landscape.

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In exploring how cross-asset behavior differs between recessionary and non-recessionary market selloffs, a more striking conclusion emerged: The presence of a Fed put—or the absence there of—looks to be the more powerful force in shaping market dynamics across assets.

While the stock market has reversed about half of its February–April decline, the risk of a self-fulfilling confidence collapse remains elevated. In April, the Conference Board’s Consumer Expectations Index dropped to a level that’s been observed only once outside of a recession (mid-2011).