Employment growth across sectors is now highly concentrated, indicating the job market is being held up by an ever-dwindling cohort of prosperous industries. Coupled with lackluster growth in 2025, this is cause for concern. Yet, history suggests that relief could be just beyond the horizon.

Dispersion remains elevated among factors, with growth selling off and momentum turning in extreme performance spreads. Low-volatility names finally did well after a long stretch of underperformance.

Those complaining about the “Top 1%” controlling all the wealth may finally be getting some satisfaction. Since Halloween, it has been mostly rough sledding for our five-member “4% Club” contingent.

When bombs fly, the reward for bravery is rarely paid on schedule. We do not think this is the time to heroically outguess geopolitics or to confuse short-term fortitude with long-term clarity.

If the dot-com boom was a tale of public markets eagerly underwriting a technological future and then abruptly withdrawing that support, the AI fervor looks like a story of private capital and corporate balance sheets quietly doing the same—but with far less accountability.

Equity market resilience against war headlines, AI disruption fears, and private credit stress have so far been largely supported by a rare “Goldilocks” macro setup. Enter the three bears: Software stocks, private credit/BDCs, and bitcoin.

With S&P 500 Q4 reporting winding down, estimated operating EPS is now 6.9% higher than at the start of the year.

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The Leuthold Major Trend Index tracks eight sentiment surveys; four from the Conference Board covering consumer confidence and four industry measures of investor convictions. Each of these are contrarian signals, meaning that negative sentiment often relates to stronger equity markets while positive sentiment leads to weaker markets. We periodically review the effectiveness of each signal in the MTI, and this study takes a fresh look at a group of indicators related to consumer confidence and investor expectations.

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Read this week's Major Trend. 

The latest CPI numbers were cooler than the seasonal pattern suggests. Our scorecard continue to suggest a mostly benign inflation picture.

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The commencement of Trump’s two terms were separated by eight years, a global pandemic, trillions in stimulus, and the quiet burial of several macroeconomic and civic assumptions once thought indestructible. While the personalities and rhetoric remain familiar, the economic backdrop, policy constraints, and market sensitivities of 2025 bore little resemblance to those of 2017.

Financial markets mimicked Mother Nature in the fourth quarter, drifting into a kind of hibernation. Style returns were rangebound around zero, and the spread between returns was about as narrow as we can recall. Active portfolio performance shows there wasn’t much to pick from to add significant value.

A small-cap bounce in January is arguably the best-known of all stock market anomalies, but for much of the last decade it’s been a flop. This year, it was back in full force... until it faded. Despite giving back some of its sizzle in late January, the Russell 2000 ended the month with a 4% advantage over the S&P 500—its best January since 2023.

With structural economic and market changes, and influences of ever-evolving tech advances, years ago we introduced our “New-Era” median valuation metrics (1995-present). For the last decade, we’ve drifted further away from those “New-Era” benchmarks, which compelled us to take a look at today’s stock valuations compared to “New-New” Era median levels based on data from 2018-forward.

Annual style rebalancing triggered a sizable trim to IT exposure in the S&P 500 Value Index, but it is still the largest weight, followed closely by Financials. Revisions in the S&P 500 Growth Index caused its top-heavy concentration to become even more pronounced: Tech and Comm Services comprise 65% of the total weight. If counting the Mag 7 from Discretionary, tech titans make up 71% of the index.

In January, a surge in Japanese Government Bond yields occurred simultaneously with a selloff in the Yen—a sign of intensifying market concern about fiscal stability. Interestingly, collective stress in both the JGB and Yen has yet to spill over into the Nikkei Index, but if history is any guide, it is doubtful that Japanese equities will continue to be immune.

After the first month of Q4 reporting, S&P 500 estimated bottom-up operating EPS are now 4.5% higher than at the end of December. This bounce follows the initial script of the previous two quarters, which saw projections jump 2% July and 5% in October. Final figures for both Q2 and Q3 continued to climb as reporting progressed, so we’d presume Q4 to follow suit, increasing somewhat more before earnings season is finished. Also, Q4 has now finally shot above its pre-“Liberation Day” estimate set back in March.

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Wise investors have long understood that fear and pessimism often create excellent buying opportunities, while exuberance and greed often produce an environment that leads to poor future returns. Sentiment is one of the four pillars of our Major Trend Index, and a wide variety of approaches to gauging the mood of investors have evolved over the years. One set of metrics within our Sentiment category focuses on the level of volatility implied in option prices, and our research shows that option volatility is a reliable, contrary indicator of sentiment, which in turn is a useful regime indicator for future returns.

Read the latest MTI update

The latest CPI numbers were largely in-line. The powerful alignment of fiscal and monetary policies will certainly alter the path of inflation this year, but for now, our discipline still suggests a mostly benign inflation picture.

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With recent extremes, both in underperformance and relative valuation, it feels like Low Vol could be near a turning point. At the very least, the margin for error is wider for this space than it has been in quite some time.

Last year’s Energy results earns an entry in the Cheapskate blooper reel, the sector will tie its personal best for the most consecutive years of underperformance against the S&P 500. However, this year’s delegate, Financials, offers a rare bright spot; it is the only Cheapskate sector to have beaten the S&P 500 during the last decade—pulling off that feat four times.

When we first published this work in 2011, the Bridesmaid’s alpha, both for asset classes and sectors, looked almost too good to be true. Since then, the performance edge for each has narrowed significantly—it’s still meaningful, but no longer magical.

Any hint of an Equal Weighted S&P 500 resurgence ignites a spark of optimism in active managers’ hearts. An EW run similar to the Tech Bubble aftermath doesn’t seem too farfetched. The downside? A bear market would probably be involved.

Investment management requires making decisions between alternatives, and the goal of fundamental analysis is to compare “what you pay” with “what you get.” We evaluated factors using metrics like valuation, profitability, and growth to lay out a menu of tradeoffs in the factor world heading into 2026.

SPX pulled off a rare three-peat in 2025, returning +15%-plus for three consecutive years. What often follows is much higher volatility. Yet, strong returns alone do not cause major volatility events. Today’s bigger risk is the unprecedented convergence of three long-running themes: AI, Bitcoin, Private Credit.

Sentiment, traditionally a contrary gauge of stock performance, was acutely bullish entering 2025—the 3rd most optimistic level in history, and therefore worthy of concern. Nevertheless, SPX’s 2025 return logged the 3rd best outcome for a year starting with such elevated confidence.

Historically, the momentum plays of our Dreams and Nightmares have worked both ways, and 2025 was a “confirmation” year for this study. The best performing groups from 2024 beat the S&P 500 in 2025, and the worst performers of 2024 trailed both the Dreams and the S&P 500 in 2025.

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Read the latest MTI

Read this week's Major Trend. 

The timeline of American economic development is punctuated by episodes of intense capital spending to build out a new and revolutionary concept that transforms the entire country.  The investment plans of hyperscalers Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon, and Meta have captured the public’s attention this year as the release of ChatGPT in November 2022 ignited a quantum shift in capex spending, with the third quarter of 2025 coming in at a run rate of $97 billion, or nearly $400 billion annualized.  The astronomical amounts being spent to build AI capacity are almost hard to fathom, and today, we take a closer look at the data center phenomenon.

The latest CPI numbers were softer than expected, but it doesn’t solve the affordability issue. The powerful alignment of fiscal and monetary policy tools will play a major role in shaping the path of inflation next year.

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